Mathematical Tasks Programming. Initial Steps.
M.Lvov
Надіслав: Gnedkova Olga (27 серпня 2021р.)
Анотація

The manual contains both the author's tasks and tasks from various sources. In the manual, the algorithms for solving specific tasks are used to present many well-known algorithms and programming methods. These are the algorithms of computer arithmetic (elementary number theory), the elementary algorithms of computer algebra, many algorithms from other subject areas of mathematics. 

План
Introduction
         Tasks and algorithms of computer arithmetic
                  Exercise 1.1. Degrees
                  Exercise 1.2. Factorial
                  Exercise 1.3. Squares
                  Exercise 1.4. Rectangles
                  Exercise 1.5. A sheet of paper
                  Exercise 1.6.Fractions
                  Exercise 1.7. Cantor set
         Tasks and Algorithms of Computer Algebra
                  Exercise 2.1. Algebraic equations
                  Exercise 2.2. Cubic Equations
                  Exercise 2.3. Inequality
                  Exercise 2.4.Equation with modules
                  Exercise 2.5.System of inequalities
         Different Tasks
                  Task 3.1. Fibonacci numbers
                  Task 3.2. Correctly placed brackets
                  Task 3.3. Well-formed expressions
                  Task 3.4. Bank information system
                  Task 3.5. Tractor
                  Task 3.6. Money
                  Task 3.7. Pattern Search
                  Task 3.8. Mobile communications quality
                  Task 3.9. Dominoes and Eulerian paths in graphs
         4. Tasks for self solution
         5 Practice Tasks
Introduction
For many years I had been preparing problems for the regional round of the Olympiad of Young Programmers in Kherson region, for students' Olympiads on Programming at the Physical and Mathematical Department of KSU, for ACM Olympiad, and for some other contests.
Over time, the author's taste in problems of programming has changed, but the priority has always been the problems, the wording, and solving of which is closely associated with mathematics. This is how the theme of this textbook and of the course based on it was determined. The manual contains both the author's tasks and tasks from various sources. In the manual, the algorithms for solving specific tasks are used to present many well-known algorithms and programming methods. These are the algorithms of computer arithmetic (elementary number theory), the elementary algorithms of computer algebra, many algorithms from other subject areas of mathematics.   
Algorithmic language of the manual
In the manual, we provide only instructions for solving each problem. Complete algorithms or fragments of algorithms showing key calculations are given in the text of the manual only when, in the opinion of the author, it is useful for understanding the essence. A notation close to the Pascal language is used.  
Notes on input and output data
Rules for input and output data in Olympiad programming tasks require using a standard text file as a data keeper. The concrete format of data arrangement is specified in every problem. Since our tutorial is not linked to any Olympiad, you can choose the format of input-output data arbitrarily.

 
Tasks and algorithms of computer arithmetic
Exercise 1.1. Degrees
Task 1.1.1. The lowest digits of a degree
Task 1.1.1 (Section 1)_pdf.pdf

Task 1.1.2. The remainder of a degree
Task 1.1.2(Section 1).pdf

Task 1.1.3. Elder digits of degree
Task 1.1.3.(Sction 1).pdf

Exercise 1.2. Factorial

The function of a natural argument plays a great role in mathematics. That is why its study is of great importance. In particular, the following problems are of interest:
Task 1.2.1. Find the number of zeros with which a number ends in the decimal number system.
Task 1.2.2. Find the least non-zero digit of a number in the decimal notation.  
Write programs to solve Tasks 1.2.1 and 1.2.2.
Task 1.2.1_1.2.2_pas_(Section 1).pdf

Exercise 1.3. Squares
Task 1.3.1. Square
Given a rectangle of the size where are natural numbers. Develop a program for splitting this rectangle into the smallest possible number of squares. The size of the squares may be different.
Task 1.3.1(Section 1).pdf
Exercise 1.4. Rectangles

Task 1.4.1. Diagonal of rectangle  
A rectangle drawn on checkered paper of size M*N is dissected by a diagonal. Write a program that determines the number of cells that this diagonal dissects (i.e. divides into two parts). M, N are natural numbers in the interval [1; 10000].
Task 1.4.1(Section 1).pdf

Task 1.4.2. The diagonal of a parallelepiped

A dice with size K*M*N, where K, M, N are natural numbers, is dissected into unit cubes and dissected by the main diagonal. Write a program that determines the number of unit cubes that this diagonal intersects (i.e. there are internal cube points on the diagonal). K, M, N are in the interval [1; 10000].
Task 1.4.2 (Section 1).pdf

Exercise 1.5. A sheet of paper
Task 1.5.1. Rectangle splitting
Task 1.5.1(Section 1).pdf
Exercise 1.6.Fractions
Task 1.6.1. Ordinary Fractions
Write a program that converts an ordinary fraction into a decimal periodic raction.   p, q are natural numbers in the interval [1; 10000] written in decimal notation.
Task 1.6.1(Section 1).pdf

Task 1.6.2 Decimal periodic fractions

Write a program that converts a decimal periodic fraction into an ordinary fraction. A, B, C are natural numbers in the interval [1; 10000] written in decimal notation.
Task 1.6.2.(Section 2).pdf

Exercise 1.7. Cantor set
Task 1.7.1. Representation of a rational number by a Castor set
Task 1.7.1(Section 1).pdf
Tasks and Algorithms of Computer Algebra
Exercise 2.1. Algebraic equations

Task 2.1.1. Linear equation
Task 2.1.1(Section 2).pdf

Task 2.1.2. Radical quadratic equation
Task 2.1.2(Section 2).pdf

Task 2.1.3. Quadratic equation
Task 2.1.3(Section 2).pdf

Exercise 2.2. Cubic Equations
Task 2.2.1.Reduced cubic equation
Task 2.2.1(Section 2).pdf

Task 2.2.2. Cubic equation
Task 2.2.2(Section 2).pdf

Task 2.2.3. Real roots of a cubic equation
Task 2.2.3(Section 2).pdf

Tasks 2.2.4. Multiple Roots of a Cubic Equation
Tasks 2.2.4(Section 2).pdf

Exercise 2.3. Inequality
Task 2.3.1. Simple inequality
Task 2.3.1(section 2).pdf

Task 2.3.2. Compound inequality

Task 2.3.2(Section 2).pdf

Exercise 2.4.Equation with modules
Task 2.4.1. Linear equation with modules
Task 2.4.1(Section 2).pdf

Task 2.4.2. Traffic lights in the city
Task 2.4.2(Section 2).pdf

Exercise 2.5.System of inequalities
Task 2.5.1. System of linear inequalities
Task 2.5.1(Section 2).pdf
Different Tasks
Task 3.1. Fibonacci numbers
Task 3.1. Fibonacci numbers
Task 3.1(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.2. Correctly placed brackets
Task  3.2. Correctly placed brackets
Task 3.2(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.3. Well-formed expressions

Task 3.3. Well-formed expressions
Task 3.3.(Section 3).pdf

Task 3.4. Bank information system
Task 3.4. Bank information system
Task 3.4(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.5. Tractor
Task 3.5. Tractor
Task 3.5(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.6. Money
Task 3.6. Money
Task 3.6(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.7. Pattern Search
Task 3.7. Pattern Search
Task 3.7(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.8. Mobile communications quality
Task 3.8. Mobile communications quality
Task 3.8(Section 3).pdf
Task 3.9. Dominoes and Eulerian paths in graphs
Task 3.9. Dominoes and Eulerian paths in graphs
Task 3.9(Section 3).pdf
4. Tasks for self solution
4. Tasks for self solution
4_Tasks for self solution.pdf
5 Practice Tasks
5 Practice Tasks
5 Practice Tasks.pdf
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Mathematical Tasks Programming. Initial Steps.
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